This means that they do not perform well in high-load applications, but they can deliver power over a long period. Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries have high specific energy but low specific power. Combining the low specific energy and reduced performance in cold temperatures means LFP batteries may not be a great fit in some high cranking applications. Their performance can also suffer in low temperatures. The first is that compared to other lithium battery types, they have a relatively low specific energy. There are a few drawbacks to LFP batteries. The thermal runaway threshold is about 518 degrees Fahrenheit, making LFP batteries one of the safest lithium battery options, even when fully charged. The materials used in lithium iron phosphate batteries offer low resistance, making them inherently safe and highly stable. Most LFP manufacturers rate their batteries at 80% depth of discharge, and some even allow 100% discharging without damaging the battery.ĭragonfly Energy lithium iron phosphate batteries can be discharged 100% without damage. Unlike lead-acid batteries, depth of discharge has a minimal impact on the lifespan of LFP batteries. LFP batteries typically have a lifecycle rating of 2,000 cycles or more. The primary benefits, however, are durability, a long life cycle, and safety. There are quite a few benefits to lithium iron phosphate batteries that make them one of the most popular options for applications requiring a large amount of power. This makes LFP batteries the most common type of lithium battery for replacing lead-acid deep-cycle batteries. LFP battery cells have a nominal voltage of 3.2 volts, so connecting four of them in series results in a 12.8-volt battery. LFP batteries have a long life cycle with good thermal stability and electrochemical performance. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries use phosphate as the cathode material and a graphitic carbon electrode as the anode. However, many people shorten the name further to simply LFP. For example, the first type we will look at is the lithium iron phosphate battery, also known as LiFePO4, based on the chemical symbols for the active materials. The different lithium battery types get their names from their active materials. Each type of lithium battery has its benefits and drawbacks, along with its best-suited applications. What Are The 6 Main Types Of Lithium Batteries?ĭifferent types of lithium batteries rely on unique active materials and chemical reactions to store energy. This electrical potential difference is called “ voltage.” When you connect your electronics to a lithium battery, the electrons which are blocked by the separator are forced to pass through your device and power it. This movement of lithium ions causes the electrical potential difference mentioned before. While you discharge the battery, the ions move in the reverse direction. An insulating layer called a “separator” divides the two sides of the battery and blocks the electrons while still allowing the lithium ions to pass through.ĭuring the charging phase, lithium ions move from the positive side of the battery to the negative side through the separator. Lithium batteries rely on lithium ions to store energy by creating an electrical potential difference between the negative and positive poles of the battery. There are 6 main types of lithium batteries.
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